In »The Shapes Project«, 2006, Allan McCollum designed a new system to produce unique two-dimensional “shapes.” This system allows him to make enough unique shapes for every person on the planet to have one of their own. It also allows him to keep track of the shapes, to insure that no two will ever be alike.

»Imaginary Friends«, 2005 by Philippe Parreno.

»DEMOGRAPHICS« by Geert Mul.

“Processual Minimalism” – a colony of forest ants constructing a hill. By Klaus Mosettig.